化学化工专业英语试题_化学工程与工艺专业英语阅读教程_化学工程与工艺考教师(69)

Bythemid-1930s,chemicalengineeringprogramsincludedcoursesin(1)stoichiometry(usingmaterialandenergyconservationideastoyzechemicalprocesssteps),(2)chemicalprocessesor“unitoperations”,(3)chemicalengineeringlaboratories“inwhichequipmentwasoperatedandtested”,and(4)chemicalplantdesign(inwhichcostfactorswerecombinedwithtechnicalelementstoarriveatpreliminaryplantdesigns).Thestudentwasstillaskedtotakethecorechemistrycourses,includinggeneral,ytical,organic,andphysicalchemistry.However,inaddition,heorshetookcoursesinmechanicaldrawing,engineeringmechanics,electriccircuits,metallurgy,andthermo-dynamicswithotherengineers.

SinceWorldWarⅡchemicalengineeringhasdeveloprapidly.Asnewdisciplineshaveprovenuseful,theyhavebeenaddedtothecurriculum.Chemicalengineeringthermodynamicsbecamegenerallyformulatedandtaughtbyabout1945.By1950,coursesinappliedchemicalkineticsandchemicalreactordesignappeared.Processcontrolappearedasanundergraduatecourseinabout1955,anddigitalcomputerusebegantodevelopabout1960.

Theideathatthevariousunitoperationsdependedoncommonmechanismsofheat,mass,andmomentumtransferdevelopedabout1960.Consequently,coursesintransportphenomenaassumedanimportantpositionasanunderlying,unifyingbasisforchemicalengineeringeducation.Newgeneraldisciplinesthathaveemergedinthelasttwodecadesincludeenvironmentalandsafetyengineering,biotechnology,andelectronicsmanufacturingprocessing.Therehasbeenanenormousamountofdevelopmentinallfields,muchofitarisingoutofmorepowerfulcomputingandappliedmathematicscapabilities.