化学化工专业英语试题_化学工程与工艺专业英语阅读教程_化学工程与工艺考教师(37)

Thefocusofchemicalengineeringhasalwaysbeenindustrialprocessesthatchangethephysicalstateorchemicalcompositionofmaterials.Chemicalengineersengageinthesynthesis,design,testingscale-up,operation,controlandoptimizationoftheseprocesses.Thetraditionallevelofsizeandcomplexityatwhichtheyhaveworkedontheseproblemsmightbetermedthemesoscale.Examplesofthisscaleincludereactorsandequipmentforsingleprocesses(unitoperations)andcombinationsofunitoperationsinmanufacturingplants.Futureresearchatthemesoscalewillbeincreasinglysupplementedbydimensions—themicroscaleandthedimensionsofextremelycomplexsystems—themacroscale.

化学工程学的焦点一直是改变物体的物理状态或化学性质的工业过程。化学工程师致力于这些过程的合成、设计、测试放大、操作、控制和优选。他们从事于解决的这些问题，传统的规模水平和复杂程度可称之为中等的，这种规模的例子包括有单个过程（单元操作）所使用的反应器和设备以及制造厂里单元操作的组合，未来的研究将在规模上逐渐进行补充。除了中等规模，还有微型的以及更为复杂的系统----巨型的规模。

Chemicalengineersofthefuturewillbeintegratingawiderrangeofscalesthananyotherbranchofengineering.Forexample,somemayworktorelatethemacroscaleoftheenvironmenttothemesoscaleofcombustionsystemsandthemicroscaleofmolecularreactionsandtransport.Othermayworktorelatethemacroscaleperformanceofacompositeaircrafttothemesoscalechemicalreactorinwhichthewingwasformed,thedesignofthereactorperhapshavingbeeninfluencedbystudiesofthemicroscaledynamicsofcomplexliquids.

未来的化学工程师将比任何其他分支的工程师在更为宽广的规模范围紧密协作。例如，有些人可能从事于了解大范围的环境与中等规模的燃烧系统以及微型的分子水平的反应和传递之间的关系。另一些人则从事了解合成的飞机的的性能与机翼所用化学反应器及反应器的设计和对此有影响的复杂流体动力学的研究工作。

Thus,futurechemicalandengineerswillconceiveandrigorouslysolveproblemsonacontinuumofscalesrangingfrommicroscale.Theywillbringnewtoolsandinsightstoresearchandpracticefromotherdisciplines:molecularbiology,chemistry,solid-statephysics,materialsscience,andelectricalengineering.Andtheywillmakeincreasinguseofcomputers,artificialintelligence,andexpertsysteminproblemsolving,inproductandprocessdesign,andinmanufacturing.