化学化工专业英语试题_化学工程与工艺专业英语阅读教程_化学工程与工艺考教师(18)
在把化学家研制的小型反应器及分离系统“放大”到很大的商业化车间时,通常需要化学工程师的参与。为了彻底了解过程中的化学反应,化学工程师必须与化学家密切合作以确保能得到所需要的反应的动力学性质和物理性质参数以进行设计、运转和优选流程。这就是为什么化工课程要包括那么多的化学类课程的原因。
Thechemicalengineermustalsoworkcloselywithmechanical,electrical,civil,andmetallurgicalengineersinordertodesignandoperatethephysicalequipmentinaplant--thereactors,tanks,distillationcolumns,heatexchangers,pumps,compressors,Controlandinstrumentationdevices,andsoon.Onebigitemthatisalwaysonsuchanequipmentlistispiping.Oneofthemostimpressivefeaturesfatypicalchemicalplantisthetremendousnumberofpipesrunningalloverthesite,literallyhundredsofmilesinmanyplants.Thesepipestransferprocessmaterials(gasesandliquids)intoandoutoftheplant.Theyalsocarryutilities(steam,coolingwater,air,nitrogen,andrefrigerant)totheprocessunits.
化学工程师还必须与机械、电子、土木建筑和冶金工程师密切协作以设计和操作工厂的机械设备—反应器、槽、蒸馏塔、热交换器、泵、压缩机、控制器和仪器设备等等。在这张设备单上还有一大类是管子。化工厂最典型的特征之一就是数目庞大的管道贯穿所有生产间。可以毫不夸张地说,在许多车间都有几百英里长的管道。这些管道输入和输出车间的反应物质进行传递,同时还可携带有用的东西(水蒸气、冷却水、空气、氧、冷却剂)进入操作单元。Tocommercializethelaboratorychemistry,thechemicalengineerisinvolvedindevelopment,design,construction,operation,sales,andresearch.Theterminologyusedtolabelthesefunctionsisbynomeansuniformfromcompanytocompany,butarosebyanyothernameisstillarose.Letusdescribeeachofthesefunctionsbriefly.Itshouldbeemphasizedthatthejobsweshalldiscussare“typical”and“classical”,butarebynomeanstheonlythingsthatchemicalengineersdo.Thechemicalengineerhasabroadbackgroundinmathematics,chemistry,andphysics.Therefore,heorshecan,anddoes,fillarichvarietyofjobsinindustry,government,andacademia.
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