化学工程与工艺专业英语教案.doc(2)

Reading Matering 5:Major Sectors of the Chemical IndustryP54 Para. 1 value ：价值Clearly the increase in value added at each stage must exceed the processing costs if the company is to realize a profit on its activities.翻译：显然假如公司在它的行动（生产）中想实现利润（盈利），每一个工艺阶段增加的价值必须超过加工成本。Activities：process 或at each stage第 页Para. 2 building blocks：建筑基料，生产基料These are the starting points for the synthesis of an enormous range of industrial organic chemicals, which are produced in the downstream processing of the key intermediates in some of the other sectors listed.翻译：这些是生产（合成）众多系列的工业有机化学品的起始点，这些有机化学品在列出的其它类别（部门）的关键中间体的下游加工中生产出来p55. Para. 3Along with drug and plant-protection agents (pesticides), dyestuffs are examples of fine chemicals, I.e. chemicals products in relatively small tonnages which are of high purity and high value per unit weight.翻译：染料和药品、杀虫剂一起是精细化学品的例子，即生产量相对较小但纯度高、单价高的化学品。

《翻译理论与实务丛书》增加《汉英时文翻译》、《词语翻译丛谈》、《文化与翻译》、《翻译批评散论》、《翻译变体研究》等品种。高等级书不一定会抵消一样的低等级书，例如高富帅2打上去化学工程与工艺专业英语 教案，不一定会抵消高富帅1，这会导致高富帅1变成灰色孔。（注：高等级书不一定会抵消一样的低等级书，例如高富帅2打上去，不一定会抵消高富帅1，这会导致高富帅1变成灰色孔。

P56 Para.2Different from the other sectors in that its products are sold directly to the public and market share probable has more to do with packing and marketing than the technical properties of the product.翻译：这个行业不同于其它行业的是产品直接卖给公众且市场份额可能更多的与包装和销售有关而不是产品的技术性。第 页Para.4 let us take as an example polyvinyl acetate and one of applications as a builder in such that a homogeneous film is produced on evaporation of the water base.翻译：让我们举个聚醋酸乙烯酯的例子：它作为黏合剂在水基挥发时生成了均匀的膜。Para.5 supported palladium catalyst：负载型钯催化剂Finally this is then mixed with the other ingredients to produce the emulsion paint.翻译：最后醋酸乙烯聚合成聚醋酸乙烯，然后和其它成分一起职称乳胶漆。

Sulphuric AcidIntroduductionSuch is its importance as a raw material for other presses that its production was, until recently, considered a reliable indicator of a country’s industrial output and the level of its industrial development.翻译 ：作为其它工艺的原料它是这样重要，直到最近还被认为是一个国家工业生产力和工业发展水平的一个可靠标志。第 页教 学 内 容 （讲稿）备注（包括：教学手段、时间分配、临时更改等）2. Raw materialsThis involves injection of superheated water and air into the deposits of sulphur via drilling. The resulting aerated liquid sulphur-water-air mixture is buoyant enough to rise to the drill head where it can be separated into its components, and pure sulphur is recovered.翻译：这包括通过钻孔注入过热的水和空气到硫矿中，最后鼓风进入的液态硫－水－空气混合物有足够的浮力升到钻孔顶端被分离，纯的硫的得到回收。

Uses of Sulphuric AcidPara. 2calcium fluoride (the ultimate source of about 70% of all the fluorine in fluorinated compounds)氟化产品中的所有氟的大约70％的主要来源是氟化钙Exercises2 1 NH3 2 ammonia, absorber 3 NaCl, NH4Cl 4 CO2 5 NH4Cl 6 rotary dryer 7 light sodium carbonate 8 sodium carbonate第 页教 学 内 容 （讲稿）备注（包括：教学手段、时间分配、临时更改等）Unit 7 Ammonia, Nitric Acid and UreaP68Para.1Indeed, until the invention of the Haber process, all nitrogen-containing chemicals came from mineral sources ultimately derived from biological activity.翻译：发明哈勃工艺之前，从无机源得到的所用含氮化合物基本是从生物活动（生物方法）的得到的。

在硝化菌的作用下， 氨态氮进一步分解氧化， 就此分两个阶段进行，首先在亚硝化菌的作用下， 使氨转化为亚硝酸氮， 继之， 亚硝酸氮在硝酸菌的作用下， 进一步转化为硝酸氮。 表8-4 各种烟气减排处理技术比较 第八章 加热炉的发展趋势及技术交流 选择性非催化剂还原工艺 sncr 是向烟气流中连续喷入氨或尿素以使氮氧化物转变成氮气和水蒸气的工艺。在含氨和氮基化合物的冷却水中，用氯处理时所生成的一氯胺（ph=8.5）的杀生能力极差，它比游离余氯要低80倍。

Turn：调整；使一致unfortunately, nature has bestowed dinitrogen with an inconveniently strong triple bond, enabling the molecule to thumb its nose at thermodynamics.翻译：遗憾地是，大自然使氮气有很难接近的叁键，使分子在热力学上无法接近氮气。Inconveniently：不便地；不自由地；难接近地thumb its nose：对……作蔑视的动作第 页教 学 内 容 （讲稿）备注（包括：教学手段、时间分配、临时更改等）P69Para. 2Higher temperatures, however, drive the equilibrium the wrong way, though they do make the reaction faster, chosen conditions must be a compromise that gives an acceptable conversion at reasonable speed.翻译：高温使平衡向错误的方向发展，虽然高温（提高温度）可使反应加快，选择的条件必须是以合适的反应速度、有一个可接受的转化率的折中考虑。

Modern plants have trended to operate at a low pressures and high temperatures (recycling unconverted material) than nearer-ideal early plants, since the capital and energy costs have become more significant.翻译：自从资金和能源成本变得更重要以来，现代化的工厂和更接近于理想（理论的）条件的早期工厂相比，倾向于在较低压力和较高温度下操作。Nitric AcidProduction.方程式后 It might, at first sight, seem that the overall reaction to the acid would be easy; unfortunately, there are complications as nature is good deal less tidy than chemists and engineers would prefer.翻译：可能第一眼变成酸的反应看起来很容易，遗憾的是有很多复杂之处，因为自然界没有化学家和工程师希望的那样好。

Reading Material 7:Haber- Bosch ProcessScheme:Rapid population growth needs more and more food supplies.Increase in yields per acre must rely on nitrogen fertilizer.It is necessary to make use of nitrogen in the air to produce more and more nitrogen fertilizer.第 页教 学 内 容 （讲稿）备注（包括：教学手段、时间分配、临时更改等）4. The method of Cavendish ( that nitrogen and oxygen were sparked together to form oxides of nitrogen from which nitric acid could be prepared.) demanded extremely high temperatures (2000~3000oC) and therefore uneconomic amounts of electricity. In 1903 Haber showed that show that ammonia could be synthesized at the not unreasonable temperature of 1000oC if an iron catalyst was used. However, the yield was infinitesimal and of no commercial significance.Then Haber improved the process on the conditions of 200 atmospheres (402kPa) and a temperature of 5000C. Bosch and Mittasch scaled up the process and Bosch developed a cheaper method for preparing hydrogen by passing steam over coke.British棗 error conclusion on the process (expensive) developed instead the cyanamide process.1920s, Haber-Bosch process ——〉British and American ——〉high pressure synthesis第 页教 学 内 容 （讲稿）备注（包括：教学手段、时间分配、临时更改等）Unit 8Petroleum ProcessingP79Para.2The processes used include various cracking units (which make small molecules from large ones), polymerization, reforming, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, isomerization, severe processing known as coking, and literally dozens of other processes designed to alter boiling point and molecular geometry.翻译：所用工艺包括各种裂解单元操作（可以把大分子变成小分子），聚合、重整、加氢裂解、加氢处理、异构化、像焦化这种苛刻的工艺和很多旨在改变沸点和分子几何形态的其它很多工艺。