《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版.doc(6)

特别的项目涵盖很大的活动范围和时间范围，从几个月到20年。《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦We can pick out a number of areas of R&D activity in the following paragraphs but if we were to start with those which were to spring to the mind of the academic, rather than the industrial, chemist then these would be basic, fundamental (background) or exploratory research and the synthesis of new compounds. This is also labeled “blue skies” research.《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦我们可以在后面的段落里举出大量的R&D活动。

但是如果我们举出的点子来源于研究院而不是工业化学家的头脑，这就是基础的或探索性的研究《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦Fundamental research is typically associated with university research. It may be carried out for its own intrinsic interest and it will add to the total knowledge base but no immediate applications of it in the “real world” well be apparent. Note that it will provide a valuable training in defining and solving problems, i.e. research methodology for the research student who carries it out under supervision. However, later “spin offs” from such work can lead to useful applications. Thus physicists claim that but for the study and development of quantum theory we might not have had computers and nuclear power. However, to take a specifically chemical example, general studies on a broad area such as hydrocarbon oxidation might provide information which would be useful in more specific areas such as cyclohexane oxidation for the production of nylon intermediates.《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦基础研究通常与大学研究联系在一起《化学工程与工艺专业英语》翻译，它可能是由于对其内在的兴趣而进行研究并且这种研究能够拓宽知识范围，但在现实世界中的直接应用可能性是很小的。

请注意，这种以内就在提出和解决问题方面提供了极有价值的训练，比如，在指导下完成研究工作的学生所接受的研究方法学（的训练）。而且，从这些工作中产生的“有用的副产品”随后也能带来可观的使用价值。因此，物理学家宣称要不是量子理论的研究和发展我们可能仍然没有计算机和核能量。不管怎样，举一个特殊的化学方面的例子吧，在各个领域如烃的氧化方面所做的广泛的研究将为一些特殊的领域如环己烯氧化生成尼龙中间产物提供有用的信息。《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦Aspects of synthesis could involve either developing new, more specific reagents for controlling particular functional group interconversions, i.e. developing synthetic methodology or complete synthesis of an entirely new molecule which is biologically active. Although the former is clearly fundamental the latter encompasses both this and applied aspects. This term ‘applied’ has traditionally been more associated with research out in industrial laboratories, since this is more focused or targeted. It is a consequence of the work being business driven.《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦通过合成可以生产出一些新的、更特殊的试剂以控制特殊的官能团转换，即发展合成方法或完成一些具有生物活性的新分子的合成。

尽管前者显然属于基础性研究而后者则包括基础研究和实用性研究两部分。所谓“实用性”习惯上是指与在工业实验室完成的研究联系在一起的，因为它更具目的性，它是商业行为驱动的结果。《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦Note, however, that there has been a major change in recent years as academic institutions have increasingly turned to industry for research funding, with the result that much more of their research effort is mow devoted to more applied research. Even so, in academia the emphasis generally is very much on the research rather than the development.《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇佃漠规疼吭闯卸驰衫贺戈帜袖蘑雪燃元菲晃迫也抑教娶羹谐凹攘鞋揭糕霞疹讳编江物停耘擦Types of Industrial Research and Development《化学工程和工艺专业英语》课文翻译 完整版1Unit 1 Chemical Industry化学工业Before reading the text below, try to answer following question:When did the modern chemical industry start?Can you give a definition for the chemical industry?What are the contribution wh谗诉租鸥抗等叮暴型甸妓暖旗越蛾身吨懈词嗜辜仁殴宇