乔家大院导游词.doc(2)
”专家们称:乔家大院充分体现了我国清代民居建筑的独特风格,是一座无与伦比的艺术宝库,北方民居建筑的一颗明珠。延续至今,武家大院成了北方民居中一颗光彩夺目的明珠。始建于清代乾隆年间,以后曾有两次增修,一次扩建,经过几代人的不断努力,于民国初年建成一座宏伟的建筑群体,并集中体现了中国清代北方民居的独特风格。
there isnt any flagpole or stone lions outside the gate,but those tall walls could shows the prestige of the owner.houses in this yardwas designed quite naturally perfect,it shows the characteristic style of the civil houses in north .its highly valuable in the study of history,in scientific researches,it is also valuable as a tourist resort.The specialists and scholars commend it as “a bright pearl of the civil houses in north”.there is a screen wall facing the gate of a house,we called this “zhaobi”,we can see it consisting of hundred forms of the character for “shòu” ,it means longevity.大门上有一副对联“子孙贤,族将大”;“兄弟睦,家之肥”,可以看出乔家主人的最高追求,就是人丁兴旺,家庭和睦,只是致富的前提,也是富贵的归宿。
北面三个大院,都是芜廊出檐大门,暗棂暗柱,三大开间,车轿出入绰绰有余,门外侧有栓马柱和上马石,从东往西数,依次为老院,西北院,书房院。垃圾婆看大门实属偶然,她原是渔轮厂职工,前夫去世后才嫁给农宿大院看门汪伯,汪伯去世后,农业局领导为了照顾她,把原来房子继续让她居住并顺便看守大门,每个月给她补助津贴。大院有2个大门,东南侧大门是供行人进出的,东北侧大门是供车辆进出的,2个大门都有卫兵站岗,凭出入证进出大院,院内和院外虽然只有一墙之隔,但环境和待遇却是天壤之别、悬殊极大、泾渭分明,院内的人都有1种自豪感和优越感,根本瞧不起院外的人,不把他们放在眼里,院内的人包括孩子基本上都是清一色的国防绿(除家属、女孩之外,个别女孩也穿国防绿),在看看院外的孩子面黄肌瘦、灰头土脸、衣冠不整、补丁落补丁,为此院内的孩子经常欺负院外的孩子,打了人占了便宜就往院内跑,只要跑进来就万事大吉了,因为院外的孩子根本就进不来,那时院外的孩子害怕院内的孩子,动手打架根本不是对手,从心里上有1种胆怯和惧怕感。
翔凤巷位于济南老城区,东起平泉胡同,西止芙蓉街,是济南最窄的小巷,宽度仅为80厘米,此条小巷旧时为两边房子的墙缝形成,俗称“墙缝巷”,后取其谐音翔凤巷,寓意为让凤凰飞到这里图个吉祥。名为“祝福祖国”的中心大型花坛以花篮为主景,篮中插有牡丹、玉兰、芙蓉、月季等花材,平面部分由如意图案的花卉组成,寓意富贵吉祥、平安幸福。格窗图案多采用暗喻和谐音的方式表现吉祥的寓意,如“平安如意“用花瓶与如意图案组成谐音表示。
这种特殊的自然环境和悠久的居住建造习俗,形成了这里独特的民居形式——地窨(yin,去声)院(地坑院),显示了黄土高原居住民俗传承的鲜明特色。宾馆设有双标间、大床房、三人房等不同房型,房内整洁卫生,毗邻商业街(中山路)、民俗街(劈柴院),地理位置优越,距离栈桥、火车站各需10分钟车程,是商旅客人理想的下榻之处。利用居住民俗、服饰民俗、饮食民俗、礼仪民俗、节令民俗、游艺民俗等,展民俗文化,吸引游客前来观赏、娱乐、休闲。
now ,we are stand in the second yard ,we can see the main house is a two-story building ,but there isnt any windows or doors on secondfloor,this is a special style in china.the board above means the happiest thing is to be goodness . the main room was used for recept guests.today,we are mr qiao’s quests,so lets go to the main room first. u wont feel cold in this room in winter,because the wall in this room are relatively thick ,its nearly 1.meters ,this room is patterned after past cave,its warm in winter and cold in summer.东厢房展出的是岁时节令,上半年的从二月二龙抬头,四月清明节,扫墓,五月端午,下半年从七月十五上坟,八月十五赏月,腊八喝腊八粥,二十三送灶王爷上天,二十四买对子,二十五扫房子,二十六打烧酒割肉,二十七杀猪又杀鸡,一直到大年三十。
为期一个月的展览将展出一系列独一无二的作品,包括精心设计的珠宝首饰,最新定制设计、首度曝光的珠宝镶嵌鞋,迷你版的各式珠宝鞋等。2008年,刘正文制作出迄今为止世界最小的竹扇3寸、最大的竹扇——3.3米雕花斑竹扇《金陵十二钗画芯扇》,2米岳阳楼风景画芯扇,2014年上海环球港湖湘家传非遗在上海虹桥机场展览展出时有人出资60多万元收藏,刘正文没有出手。在台灣,還有未婚女性在元宵夜偷摘蔥或菜將會嫁到好丈夫的傳統習俗,俗稱:偷挽蔥,嫁好尪、偷挽菜,嫁好婿。
the side room is the exhibition of agriculture ,there are roller,uesd for crush grain,and stone mill,used for grinding grain into flour,and there are some exhibition of farming activities in there too.第二院是二期工程,那在第二院所展出的就是乔家的发迹史。我们来进来看一下,乔家的发家始祖乔贵发,名字是很好的,贵发贵发,既富贵又发达,可是他却是命运不济,很小的时候就父母双亡,他被寄养在舅父家里,那他却是一个十分勤劳有踏实的人,亲戚邻里有什么事情,他都乐意去帮忙。有一天,他的亲戚结婚,他还是照旧去帮忙,等到新人行礼的时候,新娘新郎要找乔贵发来行礼,后边的人就说“给那样的人行礼,还怕有失身份呢”这时乔贵发刚从厨房赶过来,满身灰尘,听到这句话后,心想,我堂堂一个五尺男儿,只因家里贫穷,就让别人这么看不起,一咬牙,一跺脚,独自走了西口,开始了自己的发家之路。他与清徐的一个姓秦的小伙子,一起在一个杂货铺打工,由于他们的勤快和好学,受到了老板的赏识,教会了他们很多的经商之道。
后来,他们有了一些积蓄,就自己开了一个草料铺,有一年,是个丰收年,粮价跌落,黄豆价格尤其低,他们便趁机购存大批黄豆。不料,次年黄豆紧缺,价钱不断上涨,他们便将黄豆抛售出去,获利颇丰。于是利用这笔资金,开设字号,名为广盛公。后来因为管理的滞后,有些亏损,经过三年的整改,终于有了新的起色,当时把“广盛公”改名为“复盛公”,他们认为这是复兴基业的新起点。我们看到下一位人物就是乔贵发的儿子乔全美,如果说,乔贵发是乔家的开创者,那他就是一个发展者,他为乔家制定了一系列的家规家训,一会儿我们去看看。那乔全美有两个儿子,大儿子乔致广英年早逝,二儿子致庸继承家业,我们看这幅图,这位就是乔致庸,在他的手上,乔家度过了最辉煌的时期。他是乔家最年长的人,活了89岁,一共娶了六个太太,最小的一个可能可以作他的孙女了,大家可能会问,乔家不是有很严格的家训吗,怎么会娶6位太太呢?他活了89岁,老了如果总是让女仆伺候生活起居,那样不是很方便,所以儿女让他娶妻,但从不纳妾。当时乔家的生意遍布整个包头城,那有这么一句话叫“先有复盛公,后有包头城”。the second courtyard displayd the family history.Qiaoguifa was the earliest ancestor wo make the family get rich,he was ill-fated when he was young.his parents died when he was little boy.He was send to his uncle’s home as a child.he is a hard-working and steady.so many peoplelooked down on him just because his poverty.so he decided “zou xikou”,it means went to work in Inner Mongolia.he saved some money by meansof worked for a variety shop,and invested his own store.this became the beginning of his family business.his son,Qiaguangmei has formulated a series of family rules.Qiaoguangmei had two sons,eldest son diedearlier.and his young boy Qiaozhiyong inherited his family property and made a greater achievements .moreover he is the oldest man in hisfamily ,livingyears old.he has six wifes ,the youngest one could be his granddaughter.his business spread through central inner mongolia.那后面的这意味是乔致庸的侄孙乔映霞,他当时是出外留学,把先进的技术带回到乔家,当时乔致庸认为自己的儿子没有很好的人选,所以就将乔家交给了他。
但是俗话说“富,富不过三代,而乔家已经是五代经商了,1926年开始走下坡路,由盛转衰。票号与商号业务多被官商银行夺走,日军侵华战争及国内连年战乱,也使商号一獗不振,惨淡经营直到1951年终于停业,1952年遣散职员处理善后,1953年春,历时二百多年曾经辉煌一时的“复字号”终于关门了。as the old saying, Clogs to clogs is only three generations.at last, Qiaozhiyong gived the family possessions to his grandnephew who had been aborad . but , their business begun to went downhill at 192cause the war.the business had been shutdown at 195finally. most of their later generation lived in beijing ,shanghai ,kunming now.那我们来看他们的家谱图,上面的已经介绍过了,乔贵发三个儿子乔全美、乔全德、乔全义,乔全美有两个儿子,乔致广、乔致庸,乔致庸有11个儿子,下面的是他的孙子,那大家看下面有一个叫做乔健的人,乔家就是在他这辈分家的,下面的子孙大家会看到很少有在山西的,当年,乔家的后人很少有人再子承父业的,大部分都离家上学。
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