【教师资格证】小学语文综合性学习应以的基本理念(2)
5、多媒体教学方式直观、直观,有利于学生。请分享您的观点。
A:这种观点是错误的。多媒体的使用不仅为学生提供了丰富的感性知识,而且达到了课堂教学的目的,使教学难点的突破更加省时、省力、有效。但有时我们片面地夸大其作用,忽视了教师的主导作用。在汉语教学中,过度使用只会适得其反,降低课文阅读材料的地位。它取代了学生对语言和文字的理解和感知,使学生的思维固定在图片上,扼杀了学生的个性化阅读。
五、教学设计问题
1、请设计教学环节,让学生学会“左”和“右”这两个词。 (音、形、义的结合)P10
答题要点:综合考虑音形义三部分,左字读音难点,左右字比较,左右方位辨认,词的积累等.
2、北京将举办2008年奥运会,请设计一个以“奥运-北京”为主题的综合实践活动板块。 P22
答案要点:教学过程的发展要强调实用性,教学方法的选择要强调自由,学习的组织要强调合作,学习活动要富有创造性;强调实践、过程、参与和经验;
基本流程:(1)引入对话,明确目标;(2)围绕目标收集资料;(3)学生小组,交流资料(奥运相关知识,图片等);(3)确定主题,分组准备(小组讨论报告的形式、选定的内容、分工完成设计、图像处理、文字编辑等) ; (4)小组报告,师生评价;( 5)全班展示,分享他们的想法。
3、在阅读教学中结合阅读和写作是提高学生写作能力的有效途径。请根据自己的教学实践制定教学设计。 P25
答题要点:以阅读理解为基础,以日常生活和语言积累为素材,将课文学习与学生作业有机结合。读写结合的形式:续写(《凡卡》:凡卡寄信后会怎样?)、仿写(《四季》、《春雨色》)、增写(《燕子专列》 ”:“所以,政府通过电视和广播呼吁人们立即行动,寻找燕子,将它们送到燕站。”如果你是瑞士政府的发言人,你会如何呼吁大家?),重写(有很多古诗《村子·家》:草长莺飞二月天,柳柳醉春烟。孩子们早早放学,忙着放纸风筝。东风中。)、补文(《纸船与风筝》:小熊和松鼠吵架后,等到好日子,会怎样?)等等。
六、案例分析题
1、窦桂梅老师在教《落叶》时有这样一段片段:
老师在屏幕上打出课文的第一句话:“秋天来了,天气很冷,树叶从树枝上掉下来了。”请仔细阅读这句话,窦老师提醒,这句话里有一个很有意思的词,请查收!一会儿,学生们找到了“碎片”这个词。窦老师让学生们先读单词,然后在黑板上画了一片叶子问大家:“这是一片‘叶子’吗?”学生回答:“没有。”窦先生转过身,又把它放在了黑板上。画完一片叶子,我问大家:“所以是两片?” “不是两片,‘一片’就是很多很多叶子!就是很多叶子!”学生回答。 “那这个词应该怎么读?”窦先生问道。于是,同学们轻轻地读着“秋天来了,天气冷了,树叶散了……”“读你的经历和你的理解!”窦老师启发。
过了一会,窦老师让同学们起来念这句话。
学生 1:(阅读流利,但情感不够)
师父:这就是你的感觉,非常好! (邀请其他学生阅读)
生2:(读得很情绪化,读“洛”和“海贼王”时语气放慢加重)
老师:(确认学生对课文的理解,然后问大家)想一想,树叶是怎么掉下来的?
健康3:慢慢地、一块块地掉下来。 (边说边加上优美的伸展动作)
师父:这些落叶真漂亮!飘飘……
生4:(不由自主地捡起来)随风起舞……
师父:很有诗意! (教室里爆发出一阵掌声)
师父:还有什么要说的吗?
人生5:树叶慢慢落下……
师父:(说话做动作)就是这样,叶子像小蝴蝶,像小蜻蜓,好幸福啊!大家快点读吧,现在,你是一只小蝴蝶,一只小蜻蜓,轻轻的掉下来……
(学生表演朗读课文,课堂气氛活跃)
请从新课程理念的角度评价本环节的教学。
答题要点:(1)激发学生的生活体验,让学生在积极的思考和情感活动中感知和理解语言。(2)珍惜学生独特的爱,鼓励学生单独解读课文) .
《汉语课程标准》指出:汉语教师要高度重视课程资源的开发利用。事实上,除了明确的课程资源外,学生的经验也是一种宝贵的资源。虽隐隐潜伏,但一旦觉醒激活,便可观而丰富。在窦老师讲授的这个环节中,特别是在指导学生朗读时,重点是“读出你的经验,读出你的理解”。这无疑给了学生最完整的选择权,学生可以用自己的情感来体验文本意义,尊重他们不同的个性。文本在孩子的经历和接受中获得意义。另一方面,通过阅读和体验,学生提高了对语言和文字的敏感度,提高了学生与课文的互动质量,让学生对课文有更深刻的感受。
2、以下是两位老师“在一起”句子的两种不同设计:
设计一:(1)提供例句,帮助学生理解句子意思;(2)独立准备;(3)提名并交流。
设计二:(1)提供例句,帮助学生理解句子意思;(2)独立准备;(3)组长组织交流每个人的句子,并选出最多(4)组内最好的句子复习练习,准备参加课堂交流;(5)各组汇报交流并评价最好的句子。
该测试全面回顾了学生参与、学习方式的变化和语言发展等方面。
答:两种设计都注重将学生置于学习的主体地位,教师注重调动学生的主动性和学习积极性。不同的是设计一:老师先给出一个例句,帮助学生理解句子的意思,然后学生自己准备句子,然后点名交流。这样,学生的参与度大大降低,学习方法也比较简单,只有极少数学生发展了自己的语言。设计二:在教学中,教师构建小组合作学习的组织形式,让学生在参与中积极参与,在参与中积极发展,注意从大到小,把大班变成几个学习小组,实现通过小组合作学习的教学导向。全部的。在课堂教学中,组长负责组织组内学生独立完成需要自己完成的任务,并进行小组交流;对学生的发言和学习成果进行复习、提问、讨论、纠正,检查和评价每个学生的学习效果。收集和组织有关小组学习的信息,并向教师提供反馈。 In this way, the language ability of all students is fully developed.
3、An interesting composition teaching
Teacher: Classmates, the Dragon Boat Festival is coming soon. I really think of all of you who have been to the Dragon Boat Festival. I wonder which classmates would like to invite me?
Student: (with a happy face, shouting) Teacher is coming to my house! I would like to invite you!
Master: Everyone is willing to invite me, I am very happy. But this is not the way to fight. I see it this way, whoever can cook, and the dishes are delicious, I will be a guest at someone's house.
Student: (his face is embarrassed, I don't know how to answer)
Master: This condition may make it difficult for everyone. However, there are still several days until the Dragon Boat Festival. If the students are willing to learn, they will definitely learn well and invite me.
Student: (excitedly) Okay, it's a deal!
[In the composition class in two days]
Teacher: Have the students learned to cook?
Student: (loudly) I learned!
Master: Yeah, so fast? Who did you learn from?
Student 1: I learned from my dad.
……
Master: Thank you for your sincerity. So what have you learned to cook? Must be fine, right?
Students: (Without waiting for the teacher to call, they all stood up one after another, rushing to talk. The teacher invited a few people to the podium to tell everyone.)
Teacher: All of these classmates spoke well just now. After listening to them, I knew that the dishes must be done well, and the teacher was almost drooling. But there are so many students in the class, it is impossible for everyone to come up and say, is there any way to let the teacher know what each classmate has learned to cook, and how is the cooking process?
Student: Teacher, let's write down the process of cooking and what dishes are made, don't you know?
Master: That's a good idea. In this way, the teacher not only needs to know what kind of dishes you are cooking, but also can compare and see who's cooking is the best, so I'll be a guest at whose house, okay?
Sheng: Good!
Teacher: Okay, let's write.
How is this composition teaching different from traditional composition teaching? What does it teach you?
Answer points:
Traditional composition: (1)Proposition or semi-proposition, the content is divorced from the reality of life. (2)The composition requirements are too high, too much emphasis is placed on the teaching of writing knowledge, and students are too constrained and passively accepted status.
Case: (1)The content of the composition is close to the actual life of the students, so that the students are easy to write and are willing to express. (2)We attach importance to the experience of life before writing, guide students to observe consciously, and help the students Independent writing provides a favorable space. (3)Advocate students to write independently, reduce constraints on students, and encourage free and creative expression.
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