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Architectures for natural language generation: Problems and perspectives

by Koenraad De Smedt, Helmut Horacek, Michael Zock - IN TRENDS IN NATURAL language GENERATION: AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PERSPECTIVE , 1996

"... Current research in natural language generation is situated in a computational linguistics tradition that was founded several decades ago. We critically analyse some of the architectural assumptions underlying existing systems and point out some problems in the domains of text planning and lexicaliz ..."

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Current research in natural language generation is situated in a computational linguistics tradition that was founded several decades ago. We critically analyse some of the architectural assumptions underlying existing systems and point out some problems in the domains of text planning and lexicalization. Guided by the identification of major generation challenges viewed from the angles of knowledge-based systems and cognitive psychology, we sketch some new directions for future research.

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...in the speech error literature, see e.g. Fromkin, 1980; Cutler, 1982; Garrett, 1982; Shattuck-Hufnagel, 1979; for interpretations within the connectionist framework, see Stemberger, 1985; Berg, 1988; =-=Garman, 1990-=-). Connectionist architectures are highly interactive. The multi-directional spreading of activation explains how top-down constraints may bias bottom-up processes (for empirical support, see Harley, ...

Testing speaking ability in academic contexts: Theoretical considerations

by Dan Douglas, Dan Douglas - TOEFL Monograph Series No. 8). Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service , 1997

"... No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Violators will be prosecuted in accordance with both U.S. ..."

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No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Violators will be prosecuted in accordance with both U.S. and international copyright laws. EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE, ETS, the ETS logo, TOEFL, the TOEFL logo, and TSE are registered trademarks ofEducational Testing Service. To obtain more information about TOEFL products and services, use one of the following:

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... minute, a bilingual speaker with a totalsvocabulary of, say, 60,000 words in his two languages, must choose the correct item two to five times assecond (i.e., one item every 200 to 400 milliseconds)(=-=Garman, 1990-=-; De Bot, 1992). Lexical retrieval issseen as "passive"; that is, no actual active search is carried out. Rather, as meaning characteristics fromsthe preverbal message are "read" by the Lexicon, lexic...

Control And Cross-Domain Mental Computation: Evidence From language Breakdown

by William Frawley - COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE , 2002

"... This paper uses the notion of control from programming languages to look at the organization of mental code. Data for the ..."

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This paper uses the notion of control from programming languages to look at the organization of mental code. Data for the

The Role of Cross-Linguistic Formal Similarity in Hungarian-German Bilingual Learners of English as a. Foreign language

by Andrea Pál , 2000

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Constraints on metalinguistic anaphora 1

by unknown authors

"... Just as it is possible to refer to any entity, concrete or abstract, in extralinguistic reality, it is also possible to refer to any linguistic entity, be that a phoneme, a word, a sentence, or any other linguistic object. Metalinguistic reference can be achieved in two ways, by means of ..."

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Just as it is possible to refer to any entity, concrete or abstract, in extralinguistic reality, it is also possible to refer to any linguistic entity, be that a phoneme, a word, a sentence, or any other linguistic object. Metalinguistic reference can be achieved in two ways, by means of

Ton Dijkstra and Koenraad de Smedt

by unknown authors

"... De Smedt, K. (1996). Computional models of incremental grammatical encoding. In A. ..."

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De Smedt, K. (1996). Computional models of incremental grammatical encoding. In A.

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