《化学工程与工艺专业英语》课文翻译Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering.doc

Unit 10 What Is Chemical Engineering?什么是化学工程学In a wider sense, engineering may be defined as a scientific presentation of the techniques and facilities used in a particular industry. For example, mechanical engineering refers to the techniques and facilities employed to make machines. It is predominantly based on mechanical forces which are used to change the appearance and/or physical properties of the materials being worked, while their chemical properties are left unchanged. Chemical engineering encompasses the chemical processing of raw materials, based on chemical and physico-chemical phenomena of high complexity.广义来讲，工程学可以定义为对某种工业所用技术和设备的科学表达。

例如，机械工程学涉及的是制造机器的工业所用技术和设备。它优先讨论的是机械力，这种作用力可以改变所加工对象的外表或物理性质而不改变其化学性质。化学工程学包括原材料的化学过程，以更为复杂的化学和物理化学现象为基础。Thus, chemical engineering is that branch of engineering which is concerned with the study of the design, manufacture, and operation of plant and machinery in industrial chemical processes.因此，化学工程学是工程学的一个分支《化学工程与工艺专业英语》翻译，它涉及工业化化学过程中工厂和机器的设计、制造、和操作的研究。Chemical engineering is above all based on the chemical sciences, such as physical chemistry, chemical thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. In doing so, however, it does not simply copy their findings, but adapts them to bulk chemical processing. The principal objectives that set chemical engineering apart from chemistry as a pure science, is “to find the most economical route of operation and to design commercial equipment and accessories that suit it best of all”. Therefore, chemical engineering is inconceivable without close ties with economics, physics, mathematics, cybernetics, applied mechanics, and other technical sciences.前述化学工程学都是以化学科学为基础的，如物理化学，化学热力学和化学动力学。

然而这样做的时候，它并不是仅仅简单地照搬结论，而是要把这些知识运用于大批量生产的化学加工过程。把化学工程学与纯化学区分开来的首要目的是“找到最经济的生产路线并设计商业化的设备和辅助设备尽可能地适应它。”因此如果没有与经济学，物理学，数学，控制论，应用机械以及其它技术的联系就不能想象化学工程会是什么样的。In its early days, chemical engineering was largely a descriptive science. Many of the early textbooks and manuals on chemical engineering were encyclopedias of the commercial production processes known at the time. Progress in science and industry has bought with it an impressive increase in the number of chemical manufactures. Today, petroleum for example serves as the source material for the production of about 80 thousand chemicals. The expansion of the chemical process industries on the one hand and advances in the chemical and technical sciences on the other have made it possible to lay theoretical foundations for chemical processing.早期的化学工程学以描述性为主。

许多早期的有关化学工程的教科书和手册都是那个时候已知的商品生产过程的百科全书。科学和工业的发展使化学品的制造数量迅速增加。举例来说，今天石油已经成为八万多种化学产品生产的原材料。一方面是化学加工工业扩张的要求，另一方面是化学和技术水平的发展为化学工艺建立理论基础提供了可能。As the chemical process industries forged ahead, new data, new relationships and new generalizations were added to the subject-matter of chemical engineering. Many branches in their own right have separated from the main stream of chemical engineering, such as process and plant design, automation, chemical process simulation and modeling, etc.随着化学加工工业的发展，新的数据，新的关系和新的综论不断添加到化学工程学的目录中。

然后又从主干上分出许多的分支，如工艺和工厂设计，自动化，化工工艺模拟和模型，等等。A Brief Historical OutlineHistorically, chemical engineering is inseparable from the chemical process industries. In its early days chemical engineering which came into being with the advent of early chemical trades was a purely descriptive division of applied chemistry.简要的历史轮廓从历史上来说，化学工程学与化学加工工业密不可分。在早期，化学工程学随着早期化学产品交易的发展而出现，是应用化学的纯描述性的分支。 The manufacture of basic chemical products on Europe appears to have begun in the 15th century when small, specialized businesses were first set up to turn out acids, alkalis, salts, pharmaceutical preparations, and some organic compounds.在欧洲，基础化学产品的制造出现在15世纪。

一些小的、专门的企业开始创立，生产酸、碱、盐、药物中间体和一些有机化合物。 For all the rhetoric of nineteenth-century academic chemists in Britain urging the priority of the study of pure chemistry over applied, their students who became works chemists were little more than qualitative and quantitative analysts. Before the 1880s this was equally true of German chemical firms, who remained content to retain academic consultants who pursued research within the university and who would occasionally provide the material for manufacturing innovation. By the 1880s, however, industrialists were beginning to recognize that the scaling up of consultants’ laboratory preparations, and syntheses was a distinctly different activity from laboratory investigation. They began to refer to this scaling problem and its solution as “chemical engineering”—possibly because the mechanical engineers who had already been introduced into works to who seemed best able to understand the process involved. The academic dichotomy of head and hand died slowly.由于十九世纪英国的学院化学家强调纯化学的研究高于应用化学，他们的要成为工业化学家的学生也只是定性和定量分析者。

学校聘请全国政协委员、中国工程院院士顾心怿为学校发展建设顾问，聘请原中国人民解放军60军军长、安徽省军区原司令员李元喜将军为兼职德育教授，还聘请了多位知名学者和业界精英为兼职教授，聘请行业技术能手为学校实训指导教师，定期为学校提供咨询服务，为师生作报告，指导和人才培养工作。以上是 我在20xx 年的主要工作总结，由于水平有限，在工作中难 免存在不足之处，但是我将正视困难，团结同志，改进不足， 力争使质量检测中心的技术管理工作更上一层楼 2015年度管理评审 年,为了验证我们的检测活动及结果是否符合体系要求,同时保证本公司的质量方针、目 标，质量体系的适应性，有效性，并得到持续改进，现将工 作情况汇报如下： 质量体系文件发布后，为了落实质量体系的运行工作，分别组织有经验的技术人员编写了作业指导书，实验现场操 作、仪器操作、维护及技术理论的培训学习，培训采用了提 问、讨论和现场操作、答卷等形式。以前,数亿债券电网独立顾问zhi-rong你们告诉北京商报记者,谨慎的部门的加入机制,整个链管理是通过签订合同的利益绑定,并通过罚款措施,维护系统的操作,但这约束不强。