英语教案的书写格式与方法.doc
小学语文教案编写规范大家好:今天我们坐一起谈谈怎样撰写规范的初中语文教案。既然我们都是一线的初中语文老师,我也就不谈什么理论了,就只探讨实践中我们必须注意的难题。作为一名数学老师,备课是上好课的前提。开始备课时,教师得考量一系列的难题:如何计划一个课时?如何遵守教学大纲所要求的课程标准?怎样能够作为一名优秀的课堂教学组织者?怎样更充分地运用教材和各类教学方法?怎样的教案才算是“规范”的?下面探讨怎样写好规范的教案:一、教案的要求:(1)教学课题(Teaching Content/Title):授课内容的标题或中心议题(2)课型(Lesson Type):新培训、复习课、练习课、实验课Listening and Speaking\Reading\Writing\Grammar\Oral lesson\Drill Lesson\Revision(3)授课班级(Class)\授课老师(Teacher)\时间(Time)(4)教学目标(Teaching Aims):教师依据大纲规定和学员实际状况,结合教学内容而强调的.一般来说表现在知识,能力跟思想三方面。在实际写教案的过程中,我们常常会对教案中特有的词义感到陌生,请你们记录。
知识目标(Knowledge) 能力目标(Ability) 情感目标/德育目标(Emotion/Moral)新课标提出三维目标:知识与技能(Knowledge and Skills)过程与方式(Process and Methods)情感态度、价值观(Emotion Attitude and View of Value)在我们现行的教案书写要求中,经常会有很多目标的规定。因此,掌握其书写也有我们写好教案的必备条件之一。书写教案时,目标要简单化,解决教哪个和为什么教的难题。必须准确、明确、可推进而不是空泛的、虚无的. 教学目标可以包含如下内容:a.语音英语的教案怎么写,列出学生必须把握的语音项目;b.词汇,对不同要求的术语建立不同的教学目标;c.主题句的熟练应用,做更换练习,使功能与交际结合练习。d. 设计好活动方式或是游戏形式。(5)重难点重点(Important/Main/Key Points) 授课时需要注重讲结合探讨的要领。一般状况下,教材的主体内容(知识与素养)重点内容,新课标要求。注意突出重点,分清主次,不能孤立重点,以重点推动一般,一般烘托出重点。难点(Difficult Points)有的教材中重难点合一,有的不易区分重难点。
重点难点是一节课学习核心跟堡垒,处于教学活动中心地位。抓不住重点、突不破难点,就等于没有完成教学任务。应该下大力气完成重点任务,突破瓶颈。(6)教学方法(Teaching Methods)教学方法是学生为完成课堂任务所采用的方式。常用:讲授法:Teaching method演示法:demonstration method实验法:experimental method练习法:practice method讨论法:discussion method自学指导法:self-study guidance method(7)教具、教学辅助方式(Teaching Aids)Blackboard Recorder Multi-media CAI Computer Slide Projector(8)教学过程(Teaching Procedures)教学过程是把一节课的课堂活动层次化、环节化、条理化、系统化,使课堂活动作为有机整体的设计过程。教案的核心部分(主体部分),教学的成败与之有直接关系。所以,必须做到内容充实,重点突显,详略得当,有利于教学。设计顺序:复习旧知识---讲授新知识---巩固新知识Revision---Presentation---Consolidation外语五步教学法:Warming-up activities(Revision Leading-in)该环节可以使用的方式:Presentation of new materials(呈现、讲授新课)Drills(操练) Repetition in chorus/in pairs/in groupsPractice(实践)Consolidation(巩固)1、 教学目标(Teaching aims)教学目标要简单化,解决教哪个的难题。
教师应先探讨教学内容,然后确认教学目标。教学目标可以包含如下内容:a.语音,列出学生必须把握的语音项目;b.词汇,对不同要求的术语建立不同的教学目标;c.主题句的熟练应用,做更换练习,使功能与交际结合练习。d. 设计好活动方式或是游戏形式。2、教学方法(Teaching procedures)五步教学法的五步之间前后联系、环环相扣的。Step 1 Warm-up activities (Revision—复习)五步教学法的第一步是复习,主要讲两个问题,复习的作用跟复习的方式。1) 复习的作用:温故知新(Gain the new insight through restudying the old materials)建立起新旧知识之间的联系英语的教案怎么写,以旧引新,减小教学的难度。2)复习的主要方式:a. Objects(实物)b. Pictures(图片)c. Simple blackboard drawings (简笔画)d. Charts (列表)e. Demonstration (表演)f. Summary (总结)g. Questions (设问)教师可以根据教学内容灵活采用这种复习的方式,激活课堂教学。
Step 2 The presentation of the new material(讲授新课)新课主要讲结构跟功能(Structure and function),教师根据教学内容,灵活采用适当的导入方式进行导入,使我们的课堂从一开始就把握师生的注意力。如何讲授结构的方式有两种:1)Examples and structure (通过例句讲结构)2)Real or unreal situation (真实或非真实情景)Step 3 Drill(操练)(Oral repetition)第三步是操练,主要对新课中的结构进行操练。教师应重视对教学的控制,采用分级操练的方式:a. in chorus (齐读):让人人都有机会练习 b. individual (个人):弥补齐读中滥竽充数的特点c. in pairs(俩俩):学生一人一组,一问一答,互问互答,连锁问答。d. in groups (小组):调动孩子的积极性,培养发散性思维。 Step 4 Practice (实践)实践主要是对于新课中的功能进行训练的,实践的过程应逐步放开,由全控至不控:a. Controlled(全控):教师给学员提供实践的模式;b. Semi-controlled(半控):教师提供方式,给师生起至表率作用;c. Seldom controlled(偶控):教师进行部分辅导;d. Free talk(Never controlled)(不控):学生进行自由会话。
Step 5 Consolidation(巩固)五步教学法的最终一步是巩固,对本课所学的构架和功用进行综合的巩固。巩固的方式太多,可以是说话,游戏,还可以用练习册;可以是口头的,也可以是笔头的。二、写教案时应考量的难题我们同学在书写教案时,语法性和逻辑性错误比比皆是。例如,在重、难点的设定上、在教学过程的设计上,主、谓语的混乱是最为严重的。在一个环节中,不知道谁是主语,不知道动作的主体。另外,以名词开头的语句中,如果不是祈使句,应该在名词前加to等等,这些都是我们同学不太注意的疑问。现在,请同学看黑板上这份教案。让我们一起来分析它的格式与内容:Teaching PlanTitleLesson 2Lesson typeDrill lessonClassClass 1 Grade 5TeacherXXXTimeMarch 3rdTeaching AimsKnowledge: To enable students to grasp the new words and patterns: 1 vocabulary: horse, foal, cow, calf 2 patterns: What’s this in English? It’s a …. We call it a ….Ability: To encourage the students to have basic skills of listening and speaking.Emotion: To cultivate the cooperation through peer interaction.Key PointsTo make students master the structure, What’s this in English? It’s a …Difficult PointsTo enable students to master some words of some baby animals Teaching MethodsGuiding for learningTeaching AidsWord cards, a computer, multimedia teaching platformTeaching ProceduresStepsTeacher’s ActionStudents’ ActionStep 1Warming-up1 To design a game ‘Listening and drawing’. 2 To check1 To listen and draw what Teacher says.2 To recognize the drawings and make a dialogue with them.Step 2Presentation1 To show pictures that students have learned and ask ‘What’s this in English? Or What do you call it in English?’ 2 To choose a few students to ask questions like Teacher.1 To answer the questions.2 A few students imitate Teacher to ask questions, the other students answer them.Step 3Drill1 To play the recorder ‘Just practice’2 To play the recorder3 To make students drill the structure and encourage the ones who have better pronunciation and intonation4 To write down the words as speaking1 To listen over and over again2 To follow and imitate3 To ask and answer the key structure in pairs.4 To follow Teacher. A few imitate on the blackboard and the others imitate on exercise books.Step 4Practice1 To design a puzzle game.2 To encourage students to show their works and appreciate them each other.3 To play the recorder ‘chant’.4 To divide students 5 groups and play a writing words game.1 To do a puzzle in group. Students can guess what animal it is and ask each other.2 To appreciate each them.3 To follow and imitate.4 Each students writes an animal word and they can’t be repeated.Step 5ConsolidationAdditional activities:1 To arrange students to make cards.2 To arrange students to collect photos and speak out animals.1 To make animals cards.2 to collect photos to a zoo and speak out the animals.Blackboard DesignTeaching reflection