专题 l 开网课，写好教案要注意哪几个基本要素？

教案写

法

编者按：在疫情防控延期开学期间，各级各类学校将要推进“离校不离教，停课不停学”这一思想，各校将依托现有的网络化教学软硬件设施，组织教师利用手头的教学资源，融合信息技术，广泛开展网络在线教学。继昨天我们推出“开网课，三个不可或缺的环节”一文，今天“郑新民谈英语教学与研究”推出“开网课，写好教案要注意哪几个基本要素”这篇文章，跟大家一起学习探讨在写教案时，应该如何注意备好六要素：即目标、时间、顺序、差异、评估和资源。

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Elements of a Good Lesson Plan

论好教案的基本要素

Teaching is much more likely to be successful when guided by a clear and complete lesson plan. The key elements of a good lesson plan include objectives, timing, sequencing, differentiation, assessment and materials.

只有在清晰完整的教案指导下，教学才更有可能获得成功。一份好教案应该包括目标、时间、顺序、差异、评估和资源等关键要素。

The first important question, you should ask when designing a lesson plan is: "What will students learn in this lesson?"Think about the specific knowledge, skills, awareness and language you want students to learn in the lessons. Make the objectives reasonable and attainable, that is, make sure that the objectives can be reached within the time you have for the lesson. In order to know if a lesson's objectives are reached,the objectives need to describe something that can be measured. Because of this, a lesson plan objective should describe behavior that can be observed. Good lesson plan objectives describe what students should be able to do after the lesson, not what they will know.

在设计教案时儿歌教案怎么写，心中要问的第一个重要问题是：“学生在这节课上将学到什么内容？”要多考虑你想让学生在课堂上学习的具体知识、技能、意识和语言等问题。目标定位要合理，且能易达，也就是说，要确保在上课时间内能达到目标。确认一堂课的目标能否实现，在目标中需要写好可衡量的一些手段。因此，教案中的目标应该具体落实到可观察的学习行为上。在好教案中，目标描述应该明确学生在课后做什么，而不是他们知道了什么。

So, for example, an objective of this current lesson is for readers to know the key elements of a good lesson plan. To work this in a way that can be observed and measured, we can say that after this lesson, participants will be able to describe the six key elements of a good lesson plan.

例如，我们现在节目的目标是让读者们了解写好一份好教案的关键要素。在大家听完节目之后，各位需要表述一下好教案中的六要素是什么，以便让我们得到可观察和可测量的信息，并作出判断。

Sequencing describes what will happen during the lesson, the order in which it happens and how you will transition between activities and to the next lesson. Considerations for sequencing could include whenis the best time to do a certain activity and what is a logical but meaningful way to organize the lesson. Sequencing of a lesson should support the lessons learning objectives. Many lessons follow this structure: warm up, introduction to the class topic, presentation of material, one or more activities for students to practice, evaluation of the practice, an application to a relevant activity.

顺序是指要描述讲课中所有开展的教学内容、活动安排的先后，以及本课活动和下一课活动之间的衔接。在考虑顺序时要包括考虑什么时候是进行某项活动的最佳时间，以及什么是组织课程的合乎逻辑，而又有意义的方法。一堂课的顺序应该支持授课的学习目标。许多课堂讲课都遵循这样的一个结顺序构：热身、课程主题介绍、内容呈现、一个或多个供学生练习的活动、实践评价和相关活动的应用等。

We want learners to be able to apply their new knowledge and skills to authentic real-world situations. One of the best ways to achieve this is by slowly removing the teacher as a director. Activities early in a lesson should include more direct guidance from the teacher. As the lesson progresses, learners should be given more independence. At the same time we are moving students from more surface level, memorization and identification tasks to higher level interactions with less material such as applying analyzing and synthesizing.

我们希望学生们能够将他们所学到的新知识和技能应用到真实的现实世界中。要做到这一点，最好的方法之一就是要让教师慢慢地淡出自己的主导地位。授课的早期活动的确需要教师更直接的指导，但随着课程逐步深入，学生们应该获得更多的独立性。同时，我们应该让学生更多地从表层、记忆和识别的任务活动中转到更高层次的互动中去，减少教材使用的分量，更多地训练学生的分析能力和综合能力。

Well, it is important to be flexible when teaching, it is also important to estimate how long each part of the lesson will take. This will help organize activities and determine what is possible to do in a lesson. Never forget that learning takes time. Make sure to give your students plenty of time to process an activity or engage in new learning.

好，教学需要灵活这一点很重要，同时预估课文的每一部分需要花多长时间也很重要。这将有助于教师组织课堂活动，并确定在一节课中可以做哪些事情。务必记住学习是需要时间的。一定要给学生们留足时间来开展某项活动或进行新的学习。

You will have a variety of students in your classroom. How you support students who need extra help, and students who need to be challenged more. When writing your lesson plan,make sure to include details about student interaction. For example, will they be joined pair work，individual work， group work or be listening to the teacher presenting information?

一个班级中的学生水平参差不齐。要考虑如何支持需要额外帮助的学生，以及需要更多挑战的学生。在写教案时，一定要写上学生互动的细节，例如，他们是结对作业、个人作业、小组作业还是听老师讲课？

Make sure that your lesson includes a balance of interaction during the class, as this can help with differentiation and create a learning environment that is productive for multiple learning styles. Providing detailed notes and a lesson plan regarding what challenges students might have, and how you might avoid or lessen the impact of these challenges can help a teacher adapt for differentiation.

教案中还应包括课堂的互动平衡，因为这有助于教师处理差异化的问题，并创建一个对多种学习方式有效的学习环境。在教案中写上详细的标注，预计学生可能要面临的挑战，以及如何避免或减轻这些挑战的影响，凡此等等都有助于教师授课时面对不同水平的学生采取不同的教学方法。

For assessment of student learning，how willyou know what students have learned? How willyou know if the learning objectives were met? Will you ask your students comprehension questions? Will there be a short presentation, drills a short quiz, a written assignment, or a group activity where students must use new learning to complete the task?For assessment of the overall lesson, do you leave time at the end of the lesson together feedback?Is there a space for you to take notes on the lesson plan? After each class, try to find the time to reflect on the lesson and identify what worked and what did not.

至于对学生进行学习评估，要确定你是如何获知到学生们究竟学到了什么？你是如何知道他们是否达到了学习目标？你是否使用理解题来询问他们？你是否使用简短的演讲，小测验，书面作业，或小组活动？学生们是否必须使用刚学到的知识来完成这些任务？对于整节课的评估，您是否在课程结束时留下时间来一起反馈？你是否时间记下这些反馈的要点？每节课结束后，试着找一点时间来反思这节课，找出哪些教法有效儿歌教案怎么写，哪些无效。

In order to implement a good lesson, you need to know what materials will be necessary. This can include books, pens,handouts, and so on. Making sure to obtain the necessary materials before class is important,as it saves time and helps teachers feel more prepared.

为了上好课，你需要确认哪些材料是必要的，包括书、笔、讲义等。确保在上课前获得必要的材料是十分重要的，因为这样可以节省时间，并让自己感到做好了充分的准备。

Now that we have looked at the six essential elements of a good lesson plan, your next step is to take a comprehension quiz， which will not only help you review these concepts but also think through why these six elements should be included in a lesson plan.

既然我们现在已经了解了写好一份好教案所必备的六个基本要素，下面请大家做一道理解测验题，这不仅可以帮助你复习这些概念，而且还可以帮助你思考为什么写教案需要写好这个六要素。

守在武汉 l 待春暖花开，我们再见！（原创双语诗歌，令人动容的朗诵）

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