双语｜阿里巴巴危险的信用评级制度

When Ant Financial, the payments affiliate of the internet group Alibaba, goes public, its potential $120bn valuation could exceed that of Goldman Sachs. Alipay, Ant's mobile payments platform with 520m users, is innovative as well as valuable, having devised a new method of credit rating.

当互联网集团阿里巴巴旗下的金融服务公司蚂蚁金服上市时信用等级制度，其1200亿美元的潜在估值将超过高盛集团。蚂蚁金服成立的第三方支付平台支付宝拥有5.2亿用户，并且在这个基础上，设计出一套即创新又具有价值的信用评级体系。

Sesame Credit, Alipay's alternative to traditional credit scores is intriguing. It broadens access to loans in a developing market by monitoring people's buying habits and social circles as well as their credit records. Alipay insists that it does not share personal data with governments without users' permission. But they have plenty of drawbacks nonetheless.

支付宝用来替代传统信用评分制度的"芝麻信用"在表面上看来十分有趣。芝麻信用分是芝麻信用对海量信息数据的综合处理和评估，主要包含了用户购物历史、人脉关系、信用历史等五个维度。"芝麻信用"通过分析大量的网络交易及行为数据，可对用户进行信用评估，这些信用评估可以帮助互联网金融企业对用户的还款意愿及还款能力做出结论，继而为用户提供快速授信及现金分期服务。然而虽然支付宝坚称，未经用户许可它不会向政府透露用户的个人数据，"芝麻信用"体系仍存在很多问题。

recently our solenoids are designed for maximum accuracy and consistency with over 500 to 1000 hrs life cycle. we also offer professional technology to customers and do oem / odm for them. we can completely engineer and fabricate pumps to meet our customers'。seo plays an integral part for companies big and small. actually, seo is even more important for smaller companies. while big companies are commonly already at “the tip of the tongue” for a lot of customers, smaller companies could do with all the help they can get in order to reach their customers.。a last-minute rally by meps, academics and technology companies had attempted to add amendments to the draft regulation, but meps voted in favour of passing the unamended version.。

首先，"芝麻信用"系统是由科技公司设计的，它们对数据的管理和监控较银行而言更为宽松。银行储存了大量关于客户消费和个人生活习惯的数据信用等级制度，但是由于严监管和保密的传统，银行并未尽其所能地利用这些数据。

Tech companies, on the other hand, tend to think they can hold and analyze any data they get their hands on. That includes all the information from people's mobile phones - not only their location but details of their social media circles and the products and services they buy. The potential for abuse is enormous and there is less regulation than in financial services.

另一方面，在基础设施硬件分布式集群、抽象化和虚拟化的根本上，指出可提供调用的数据存储监管、计算服务监管、负荷监管和备份监管等接口服务职能，为数字图书馆服务提供灵活动态的基础设备层。五是人工智能、大数据、区块链、移动互联等金融科技应用类研究，包括《监管科技（regtech）发展及在智能投顾监管的应用研究》、《基于大数据挖掘技术的证券零售客户适配性服务应用研究》、《移动互联在证券经纪业务中的运用研究》、《证券经纪业务线上线下相结合的业务模式研究》、《区块链在我国证券市场的关键应用与监管研究》、《结合容器技术的行业云可行性方案研究》。p..吴复申指出，此次监管很明确地规定了的监管原则是类似于金融的监管规则，可以理解为互联网是服务于金融的，互联网是一种技术手段，是金融科技，互金不光光是互联网，可能还有大数据等各方面，都属于一种手段。

Second, there is a perverse incentive built into calculating credit scores on the basis of transactions and activity. One improves a traditional credit score by borrowing less and displaying self-control. Social credit tends to work in the opposite way - it gives users an incentive to buy and rent items through platforms, and to build a circle of active and highly rated friends.

其次，基于交易和活动计算的信用评分制度本身就有一种不合理的激励元素。以传统的信用评分来说，我们如果想要提高信用评分，就需要通过减少借款以及修炼自身约束能力等途径来实现。但"芝麻信用"采用的是一个相反的方式-它不断地给予用户在网络平台上进行购买或租赁交易的动力，并且时时督促用户要积极去维持自己的高等人际关系网。

Social credit is thus "gamified" - a tournament in which people must compete to raise their numbers through activity, like a financial version of social networks and mobile games.

因此，社会信用评分被"游戏化"--在这场比赛中，人们必须通过聚会或交易活动来提高自己的评分，就像金融版本的社交网络和移动端的游戏。

Third, in order to build a high Sesame score, a user must keep using Alipay. There is a glaring conflict of interest in being a payment platform as well as a judge of credit ratings-one tweak to a credit score algorithm can push customers to transact more. China's central bank has belatedly realized that giving power over credit scores to rival tech companies has pitfalls.

第三，为了建立一个高的芝麻信用评分，用户将面临被硬性捆绑式地继续使用支付宝的局面。支付宝作为一个独立第三方支付平台，如果进而成为信用评级的决裁者，这本身就存在明显的利益冲突。对信用评级算法的一个小调整即可推动客户在其支付平台上进行更多的交易。中国央行后知后觉地意识到，将信用评分的权力交给科技公司这个决定是有缺陷的。

So social credit must be treated carefully before everyone has a number that determines their reputation as well as their ability to borrow. One essential safeguard is that ownership of the trove of data generated by every digital citizen is held not by governments or companies but citizens themselves. Rather than customers of payment and social platforms ceding control of personal information to brands, they should retain it.

2《网络借贷借款人信用评分及风险定价》。我们先后自主开发上线消费信贷管理、财务总账、个人信用评级、业务分析管理等多个系统平台：前端有信用信息处理平台、欺诈拦截平台、信用评分卡模型、移动终端申请受理系统、代理商户系统，中端有信用评级系统、央行征信数据上报系统、客户服务中心系统，后端有业务分析管理系统、催收管理系统、档案电子管理系统。信任是商业行为的根基，阿里成了根基的基石，支付宝的信用评分，乃至蚂蚁花呗的信用评分成了借贷平台的通用考核标准。