commonwealth of NationswitanDo(2)

[ a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by giving the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens]

Progressivism：The Progressivism Movement(进步运动), a movement demanding government regulation of the economy and social conditions, spread quickly with the support of large numbers of people across the country. The Progressivism Movement was not an organized campaign with clearly defined goals. Rather, it was a number of diverse efforts at political, social, and economic reforms. P253

Great Depression(大萧条): The first blow to the stock market came on October 24, 1929, called the black Thursday. After that thousands of banks and businesses failed and many people lose their jobs. P258

[1. the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s. 2. a period during the 1930s when there was a worldwide economic depression and mass unemployment.]

Truman Doctrine:(杜鲁门主义) the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism (共产主义). P266

New Frontiers(新疆域政策)：promising civil rights for blacks, federal aid to education, medical care for all and the abolition of poverty. P278

Checks and Balance(制衡)：The government is divided into three branches, the legislative(立法权), the executive(行政权) and the judicial(司法权), each has part of the powers but not all the power. And each branch of government can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. P300